Question Details
Haematuria In A Dog
by sophiek - July 4, 2023    View Case Report
HI Steve,

I am hoping to get some guidance for a case – 4 year old ME Ridgeback “Krueger”. I've tried to summarise his complex history!!

Owner got him as a pup and he had chronic intermittent diarrhoea. He was treated for isospora and faecal sample at this time also showed clostridial overgrowth.
From this time he has had intermittent diarrhoea (often haemorrhagic) with pools of mucus, which responds well to carafate. He also had persistently elevated liver enzymes and hypercalcaemia.

In 2020 he saw an internal medicine specialist and paired bile acids were elevated. Suspected diagnosis at this time (3 years ago) was intrahepatic PSS with gastric ulceration. There was no known cause for the hypercalcaemia, which has since resolved. Owner has not pursued further diagnostics for PSS.

I first saw Krueger 3 years ago as owner came for diet advice for the chronic intermittent diarrhoea. He has been going reasonably well on a fresh food diet (but can only tolerate limited ingredients) and Marshmallow Root tincture and gut support (pre and probiotics, bone broth). Owner then moved away until recently.

In the last 6 months has had intermittent episodes of blood in urine and multiple courses of antibiotics (which he does not tolerate well- GI upset and eats grass++). On urine analysis there has also been very high white cell numbers. No urine culture has been performed. Episodes do coincide with stressful events. Urine always been checked post antibiotic courses and no bacteria seen, and haematuria resolves. Most recent episode started after an abdominal and prostate exam. During these episodes there is no urgency, no pollakuria or stranguria.

I saw him about 2 weeks ago, just after he finished his last course of antibiotics, and he had no clinical signs of haematuria and was well within himself. Bloods at this time showed liver enzymes within normal limits, normal calcium, slightly lowered albumin and cholesterol levels.1 week ago (after the abdo and prostate exam) he had another episode of haematuria, and is now currently lethargic, uncomfortable and inappetant. The owner has found the only thing that seems to give him relief from discomfort is the Marshmallow Root glycetract (not sure if this is helping GIT or bladder). Ultrasound performed yesterday shows normal prostate, sediment in bladder but no other abnormalities, urine has blood and inflammatory cells but no bacteria.

When I saw him 2 weeks ago his pulse was deep and soft, poor tone, thin, quite fast, and small for a big dog. His tongue is very small, very pale, light lavender in colour and flabby.
I diagnosed him with Qi and Blood Deficiency, Liver Blood Deficiency and Damp / Damp Heat in Bladder. As there was no acute urinary issue at this time, I started him on Dang Gui Shao Yao San thinking this would address the Liver Blood Deficiency but deal with some Damp. I also started Wei Ling Tang for the GI issues plus ability to deal with some urinary issues. I did think of YGJ with the good response to carafate and demulcent Marshmallow, but thought this could be too cloying and could worsen the haematuria.

I’m feeling pretty confused about the haematuria. It doesn’t seem typical of Damp Heat as no urgency, but does have haematuria and has previously had bacteria and currently has inflammatory cells present. He’s got some history of Damp Heat with blood and mucus in diarrhoea, but overall seems more Blood Deficient than Damp.

I’m not sure if an underlying Blood Deficiency could now be causing Blood Stagnation and I should consider SFZYT, or if this would exacerbate any tendency toward Damp. Or in this current acute phase consider SMS, but would this reduce blood flow to liver and GIT so making these signs worse?

Or perhaps I should consider a Shao Yang formula, but the tongue and pulse didn’t seem to fit. Would XCHT (maybe add some Dang Gui?) be suitable here, or even San Ren Tang if some Dampness? Previous hypercalcaemia would fit with Shao Yang Disharmony too, but would this be decongesting to the liver and so make a possible PSS worse?

Wondering if I should stop the DGSYS/WLT if there is now active haematuria with inflammatory cells. I am seeing Krueger tomorrow.

Really not sure which direction to head in, and going round in circles!!

Thanks for any guidance.

Sophie
Replies
by sophiek
July 4, 2023
Hi again Steve,

Just a quick update as I saw Krueger today and details are a bit different to above (miscommunication from owner!).

Recent ultrasound at regular vet showed large homogenous prostate, though was thought not to be typical of bacterial prostatitis. Sediment in bladder +++, no gross thickening of bladder wall. Urine showed haematura +++, pyuria, intracellular bacteria present. No culture done on urine.Recommended to have further work up including CT scan, urine cystocentesis with culture and analysis, prostate FNA or wash. Alternatively start 4-6 weeks of enrofloxacin for presumed prostatitis / UTI. Owner has declined further diagnostics and antibiotics at this stage.

Pulse was as last visit - soft, toneless, relatively fast for a large breed dog. Tongue small and light lavender colour.

I ended up stopping both previous herbs (WLT and DGSYS) and starting XCHT and SFZYT/SMS for the more acute presentation and haematuria. The SFZYT I thought may target prostate more if this is actually the main issue. I am hoping the XCHT and SMS will target possible infection.

Any thoughts greatly appreciated!

Thank you,
Sophie
by naturevet
July 6, 2023
Hi Sophie,

If the current combination doesn't resolve things, consider Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang. It fits the:

  • toneless pulse, since it is Wei Qi that is viewed to create the contraction phase of the pulse

  • refractory hematuria and poor reponse to antibiotics, such that the problem keeps recurring (which makes me wonder why his urine was never cultured). Remember that Spleen Qi sinking causes diapedesis, or an unexplained blood loss from the vessels

  • Liver Blood deficiency, currently manifesting with low albumin

  • The clinical impression of a PSS

  • The history of GI infection and parasitism as a young dog


Xiao Chai Hu Tang is synergistic with BZYQT, by 'unbuckling' the Dai Mai so Spleen Qi can rise. In other words, Shao Yang disharmony often accompanies Spleen Qi sinking, so the hypercalcemia would not be unexpected (as a feature of Shao Yang disharmony).

Let us know what ends up working! At least you know you have a Plan B!

Steve
by sophiek
July 25, 2023
Quick update;
Krueger is much brighter, appetite has improved and groaning / abdominal pain has resolved. Urine (free catch sample) is clear dark yellow, there is no obvious blood, however urine dipstick still shows 4+ blood.
I will continue the current herbs (SFZYT, SMS, XCHT) and recheck the urine in 2 weeks.
If there is ongoing haematuria on dipstick I will continue with XCHT and add in BZYQT as you have suggested.
by sophiek
August 26, 2023
Hi Steve,

An update on Krueger, and a couple more questions about how this case progressed;
He did great on XCHT and SFZYT/SMS for suspected prostatitis for approx 3 weeks. Abdominal pain and dysuria resolved, and normal appetite and energy levels returned. He then started having some blood loss from mouth overnight, with no appreciable cause of this. Previous blood a couple of months ago had slightly low platelet count, so bloods were repeated - platelet count normal, BUN slightly low, but everything else within normal limits. I asked her to stop the SFZYT and continue with the XCHT and bleeding from mouth/throat resolved. She then stopped the XCHT a week later as she noticed he was losing fur in patches over his dorsal shoulders. Clinically he is now really well, blood in saliva/from mouth stopped, fur regrew, but still has a small amount of blood in urine on dispstix.

Thinking about the herbal formulas here
- I thought Blood movers (SFZYT) were generally safe and shouldn’t cause bleeding, but are there any situations this doesn’t hold true? I think this dog is Liver Blood Deficient, would that affect the way Blood moving formulas work?
- why the XCHT caused fur loss over dorsal shoulders – so if XCHT is drying and could worsen Yin deficiency, could it also exacerbate Liver Blood Deficiency and maybe leading to fur loss? There were no other signs of Yin Deficiency Empty Heat, but maybe if we had continued they may have surfaced?

I’m going to go to your recommendation next of adding in BZYQT. I’m wondering if using this with the XCHT would be enough of a Blood tonic to mitigate the possible Yin drying effects of XCHT, plus address the blood loss from mouth/throat and in urine. My other thought was to add YGJ as more of a specific Liver Blood tonic.

Thank you!
Sophie
by naturevet
September 3, 2023
Hi Sophie,

Either plan - YGJ or BZYQT - should provide Blood tonification to compensate for XCHT

I've never seen SFZYT cause oral bleeding and can't really think why that would be the case. If the dog is Wei Qi and Blood deficient, though, then ANY Blood mover can scatter Blood, causing it not to flow as effectively. Poor Blood flow is one cause of hemorrhage, along with Wei Qi deficiency. If that is the explanation, then BZYQT should resolve it

Please let us know how things turn out. Hopefully it finally comes to a satisfying conclusion

Steve
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