Question Details
Histiocytic Sarcoma Case
by landauvet - October 27, 2009
Hi Steve,

I saw a 9 year old FS Golden Retriever yesterday with a diagnosis of a splenic cancer. I got results of the ultrasound guided Fine Needle Aspirate biopsy after the appointment which was a histiocytic sarcoma.
The dog presented with a history of anorexia, decreased energy. Lab: anemia and thrombocytopenia. Splenic enlargement. Negative bone marrow involvement.
Other history: In may this year the anorexia started. Jan ’09 tested Ehrlichia positive without clinical signs. Antibiotics prescribed.
Treated recently with CCNU and cytoxan, Pepsid. Chemo halted recently due to anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Diet was Eukanuba kibble and canned.

Presently the dog is on about 1.5 mg/kg pred and tapering to 0.65 mg/kg pred for palliative treatment. Dog is not responding favorably.

Exam: mild to moderate depression, Pale tongue with some congestion on underside. Thin and slippery pulses. Points that were reactive and treated were: SP-6, Bl-20, BL-40(Sed, BL-17 (ton)
Blood deficiency was my main concern as well as dampness.
Diet change to meat and veges
DGSYS, Modified XFZYT, Vit A/D3

With a splenic mass like this, I think that I should have this dog on XCHT. I wonder if the spleen or the chemo is causing the low blood counts. If it is the spleen, then I think a splenectomy is warranted. If it is chemo, then supporting the bone marrow should be enough. What do you think is the best route forward? Add XCHT and wait? Push for splenectomy?

Thanks,

Kevin Landau
Replies
by bannink
October 27, 2009
Hi Kevin,

Based on your question I assume that bloodwork was normal until after CCNU. How many doses of CCNU has this dog had, do you know? How severe is the anemia and thrombocytopenia? Was there originally concern for systemic involvement (lung mets, other intra-abdominal mets). If bone marrow was normal I am wondering why they did not do splenectomy to begin with? Just because of the aggressive disease type?

These are my thoughts on the thrombocytopenia and anemia:
1) CCNU can commonly cause neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. anemia would be less common. I would usually expect neutropenia if this was from the CCNU rather than anemia. Cytoxan is relatively sparing to the bone marrow.
2) Internal bleeding would be my major concern as splenic tumors are at high risk of rupture and you would get a consumptive thrombocytopenia with that - in this case splenectomy would definitely be recommended (onbiously make sure there are no other mets in lungs or liver now before doing surgery)
3) dogs with bulky cancer can get immune mediated destruction of their red cells and platelets but being that the dog was on pred recently this is probably less likely
4) Could have bone marrow involvement, although I would rule out internal bleeding or immune mediated causes first.

XCHT seems like a good idea to me and I would definitely be thinking in that direction. - Steve might have some fancy version of XCHT that he likes better but I use a lot of XCHT.

Also, You need some kind of hemostatic formula on board. I usually have Yunnan Pai Yao on board for all my splenic tumors to minimize internal bleeding. Another idea might be Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang as it contains Astragalus which is hemostatic and Peach Pit (Tao Ren) which is an antineoplastic blood tonic (contain laetril)and also tonifies blood, moves blood and treats Damp accumulation. Although to me your choice of Dang Gui Shao Yao San makes sense. So you could just add Yunnan Pai Yao. -This is a case for Super Steve! Histiocytic Sarcomas are tough.

Here is a little conventional info in case you are looking at splenectomy and your owner would like more stats:

For localized histiocytic sarcoma of internal organs such as the spleen, prognosis with surgery alone is usually poor with a median survival time of 1 month and 0-20% 1-year survival rate. The following factors have been associated with prognosis for dogs with splenic histiocytic sarcoma: lymphoid-to-fibrohistiocytic ratio, mitotic index, and tumor grade. Dogs with a lymphoid-to-fibrohistiocytic ratio of >/= 40% had 87% 1 year survival rates compared to 55% for ratios <40%. One-year survival rate for dogs with grade I or II tumors is 60% compared to 30% for grade III tumors. The impact of chemotherapy in patients without visible evidence of disease after surgery has not been evaluated. CCNU has resulted in a 46% response rate in dogs with measurable disease. Median duration of remission for these 56 dogs was 3 months and median survival time was 3.5 months.

Hope that very long-winded conversation was of some help.

Erin

by naturevet
October 27, 2009
Hi Kevin,

I mean Captain Bupleurum.

I hear your need to prescribe your favorite remedy. Given the absence of GB points, we should probably make Spleen support and the prevention of bleeding higher priorities (if we have to choose). I like your formula prescription, except that it doesn't tackle the Spleen. If you used BYHWT as Erin suggested, you'd have that base covered. Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang is another possiblity.

Given the poor prognosis, pushing for splenectomy seems like it isn't justified, unless we can get the dog feeling surprisingly good. It sounds like any rallying at all would be atypical for conventional management and a good sign that the herbs are working. If they help, then I find the median survivals can often be easily exceeded at that point, making what would have been a low yield procedure (e.g. splenectomy) much more potentially beneficial.

So, to sum up, I'd make sure I've got a Spleen formula on board. YBY is always a good idea. If the dog starts to rally, then if the tumor is isolated to the spleen, surgery becomes a better choice.

If GB points appear or the dog does not respond to the Spleen approach, or the owners are just fabulous at getting tons of herbs in, then XCHT is a good idea.

Hope that helps,

Steve
by
October 27, 2009
Steve,

Can you please explain why you say Dang Gui Shao Yao San does not tonify the Spleen? I would think the Bai Zhu (Atractylodes) and Fu Ling (Poria) would do that. I am guessing you are liking Huang Qi as a stronger Spleen Qi tonic and that is why you are favoring Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (or BYHWT)? Maybe you like the Dang Gui and Huang Qi combo better for Qi deficiency and Blood deficiency? Just trying to understand why you would use those instead of DGSYS. BZYQT doesn't do anything for Damp...although it does have Chai Hu going for it.

I am going to play devil's advocate and argue that a bleeding spleen needs to go ASAP even though crummy prognosis with surgery alone. Then we have more room to work with herbs. Granted you might need blood products...and you definitely need an informed owner. If the cause of the anemia and thrombocytopenia is not hemorrhage, then I am with you 100%.

Thanks.

Erin
by
October 27, 2009
Steve,

Can you please explain why you say Dang Gui Shao Yao San does not tonify the Spleen? I would think the Bai Zhu (Atractylodes) and Fu Ling (Poria) would do that. I am guessing you are liking Huang Qi as a stronger Spleen Qi tonic and that is why you are favoring Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (or BYHWT)? Maybe you like the Dang Gui and Huang Qi combo better for Qi deficiency and Blood deficiency? Just trying to understand why you would use those instead of DGSYS. BZYQT doesn't do anything for Damp...although it does have Chai Hu going for it.

I am going to play devil's advocate and argue that a bleeding spleen needs to go ASAP even though crummy prognosis with surgery alone. Then we have more room to work with herbs. Granted you might need blood products...and you definitely need an informed owner. If the cause of the anemia and thrombocytopenia is not hemorrhage, then I am with you 100%.

Thanks.

Erin
by bannink
October 27, 2009
Steve,

Can you please explain why you say Dang Gui Shao Yao San does not tonify the Spleen? I would think the Bai Zhu (Atractylodes) and Fu Ling (Poria) would do that. I am guessing you are liking Huang Qi as a stronger Spleen Qi tonic and that is why you are favoring Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (or BYHWT)? Maybe you like the Dang Gui and Huang Qi combo better for Qi deficiency and Blood deficiency? Just trying to understand why you would use those instead of DGSYS. BZYQT doesn't do anything for Damp...although it does have Chai Hu going for it.

I am going to play devil's advocate and argue that a bleeding spleen needs to go ASAP even though crummy prognosis with surgery alone. Then we have more room to work with herbs. Granted you might need blood products...and you definitely need an informed owner. If the cause of the anemia and thrombocytopenia is not hemorrhage, then I am with you 100%.

Thanks.

Erin
by naturevet
October 28, 2009
Hi Erin,

You answered your own question perfectly. BZYQT may also be a bit more hemostatic.

Totally agree about the bleeding spleen, if it's there, and especially if there are not widespread mets.

S
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